btrfs: add filesystems state details to error messages

btrfs: add filesystems state details to error messages

When a filesystem goes read-only due to an error, multiple errors tend
to be reported, some of which are knock-on failures. Logging fs_states,
in btrfs_handle_fs_error() and btrfs_printk() helps distinguish the
first error from subsequent messages which may only exist due to an
error state.

Under the new format, most initial errors will look like:
`BTRFS: error (device loop0) in ...`
while subsequent errors will begin with:
`error (device loop0: state E) in ...`

An initial transaction abort error will look like
`error (device loop0: state A) in ...`
and subsequent messages will contain
`(device loop0: state EA) in ...`

In addition to the error states we can also print other states that are
temporary, like remounting, device replace, or indicate a global state
that may affect functionality.

Now implemented:

E - filesystem error detected
A - transaction aborted
L - log tree errors

M - remounting in progress
R - device replace in progress
C - data checksums not verified (mounted with ignoredatacsums)

Signed-off-by: Sweet Tea Dorminy <sweettea-kernel@dorminy.me>
Reviewed-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>