Merge branch 'bpf: add __percpu tagging in vmlinux BTF'

Merge branch 'bpf: add __percpu tagging in vmlinux BTF'

Hao Luo says:

====================

This patchset is very much similar to Yonghong's patchset on adding
__user tagging [1], where a "user" btf_type_tag was introduced to
describe __user memory pointers. Similar approach can be applied on
__percpu pointers. The __percpu attribute in kernel is used to identify
pointers that point to memory allocated in percpu region. Normally,
accessing __percpu memory requires using special functions like
per_cpu_ptr() etc. Directly accessing __percpu pointer is meaningless.

Currently vmlinux BTF does not have a way to differentiate a __percpu
pointer from a regular pointer. So BPF programs are allowed to load
__percpu memory directly, which is an incorrect behavior.

With the previous work that encodes __user information in BTF, a nice
framework has been set up to allow us to encode __percpu information in
BTF and let the verifier to reject programs that try to directly access
percpu pointer. Previously, there is a PTR_TO_PERCPU_BTF_ID reg type which
is used to represent those percpu static variables in the kernel. Pahole
is able to collect variables that are stored in ".data..percpu" section
in the kernel image and emit BTF information for those variables. The
bpf_per_cpu_ptr() and bpf_this_cpu_ptr() helper functions were added to
access these variables. Now with __percpu information, we can tag those
__percpu fields in a struct (such as cgroup->rstat_cpu) and allow the
pair of bpf percpu helpers to access them as well.

In addition to adding __percpu tagging, this patchset also fixes a
harmless bug in the previous patch that introduced __user. Patch 01/04
is for that. Patch 02/04 adds the new attribute "percpu". Patch 03/04
adds MEM_PERCPU tag for PTR_TO_BTF_ID and replaces PTR_TO_PERCPU_BTF_ID
with (BTF_ID | MEM_PERCPU). Patch 04/04 refactors the btf_tag test a bit
and adds tests for percpu tag.

Like [1], the minimal requirements for btf_type_tag is
clang (>= clang14) and pahole (>= 1.23).

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20211220015110.3rqxk5qwub3pa2gh@ast-mbp.dhcp.thefacebook.com/t/
====================

Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>